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Acid consumption in copper heap leaching is determined by the minerals present in the ore. Gangue minerals such as biotite and chlorite consume acid together with copperbearing minerals such as chrysocolla and malachite. Acid consumption is affected by the rate of acid application and the particle size. Some gangue minerals undergo
Nowadays, three methods are generally used for recovering uranium from lowgrade uranium ores: (i) Improving the interface reaction between uranium and a leaching agent to increase the uranium extraction ratio by corroding the gangue surface using concentrated acid (Sato, 2010; Zhu et al., 2016), mixed acid, high temperature (Cama et al., 2002 ...
Table 2. Acid baking (Gupta Krishnamurthy, 2004) is a general solution to leach REE selectively limiting acid reaction with gangue minerals and iron. This method and its variations have been tested on Montviel concentrate at SGS Minerals (Lakefield site) in 2013. The result showed that REE extractions of
Antimony Gangue Mineral Processing Wastewater Mineral Processing ... Leach Residue Mineral Processing Refining Dross Mineral Processing Slag and Furnace Residue Mineral Processing Sludge from Treating Process Waste Water Mineral Processing Stripped Anolyte Solids Mineral Processing ... Lithium Carbonate Acid roaster gases Extraction/Beneficiation
Phosphate released by gangue minerals such as apatite can cause the formation of this layer however. When leaching with acidic ferric solutions, sulphate media is superior to chloride media. Alkaline carbonate leaching was also found to be effective for brannerite leaching, albeit much slower than acid leaching.
ferous minerals, particularly in the carbonate type ore, considerably reduces the susceptibility to effective liberation. A beneficial effect of nonoxidative leaching of carbonate gangue with sulfuric acid on copper ore flotation was presented in the paper. It was shown that the nonoxidative leaching of
Concrete degradation may have various can be damaged by fire, aggregate expansion, sea water effects, bacterial corrosion, calcium leaching, physical damage and chemical damage (from carbonatation, chlorides, sulfates and nondistilled water).This process adversely affects concrete exposed to these damaging stimuli.
Acid deposition adds hydrogen ions, which displace these important nutrients in a process called leaching. Leaching means that the ions are washed deeper into the subsoil or washed out of the top soil. If ions are leached from the soil, they are no longer available to the roots of the plants.
During the acid leaching of uranium, gangue–reagent interactions have both negative and positive consequences. Gangue dissolution increases reagent costs, and in some cases can prevent the economic acid leaching of an ore, but can also increase uranium mineral .
deposits, carbonate minerals are the main gangues, and consequently, the processing and profitability of these types of resources is difficult [7]. Calcareous phosphate flotation can be applied when carbonate minerals are well crystallized and phosphate particles are detached from other gangue minerals.
The dissolution of carbonate gangue minerals, which are often ubiquitous in copper deposits, leads to the consumption of large amounts of acid during the leaching of such ores, which can make the ...
acid during the leaching of such ores, which can make the process uneconomical (Habashi, 1970, 1980; YouCai et al., 2013). Table 1 shows the acid consumption and estimated time to complete the dissolution of major carbonaceous materials in 10 g/L sulfuric acid solutions. It can be seen that for acid leaching, each ton of carbonate mineral (
Gangue minerals are the nonvaluable minerals closely associated with the valuable ore deposits. They generally include minerals like quartz or calcite. During mining activities, the gangue material is commonly discarded as waste rock or lowgrade ore in an effort to extract more valuable ore minerals found in the veins.
improved using hydrochloric acid leaching to dissolve the carbonate minerals in the concentrate. The effects of three dominant parameters on the leaching performance, that is the leaching time, leaching temperature and hydrochloric acid concentration were investigated, and then a flotationleaching process was proposed for processing of the
to leach Zn. However, for the lowgrade zinc ores containing high bearing and carbonate minerals Fe contents, the use of sulfuric acid will result in high acid consumption, poor leaching, and complex purification process (Mdi et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2000). Xu et al. (2012) used sulfuric acid to leach
Alternatively, a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate can be used if the ore gangue has a high acid consumption. The choice of a carbonate or acid leaching route is based on the consumption of each chemical by the ore matrix or host rock, reagent availability, and .
The extraction of manganese from a semioxidized manganese ore was investigated with sucrose as the reducing agent in dilute sulfuric acid medium. The kinetics of leaching manganese from the complex ore containing MnCO3 and MnO2 was also investigated. The effects of sucrose and sulfuric acid concentrations, leaching temperature and reaction time on the total Mn (TMn), MnO2 and MnCO3 leaching ...
3), it was found that while the phosphate mineral did not attain 50%, the carbonate minerals calcite and dolomite assay about 26% which exceeds the triple value of the permissible limit of 8% [17]. *: Loss on ignition. Experimental procedure . Several organic acid leaching experiments have been performed to eliminate the carbonate
The acid leaching was carried out at 343–353 K and a magnetic stirrer was used for agitation. The solution was filtered through Whatman filter paper and residue was washed thoroughly with hot water until pH increased to6–7. The samples collected after roasting, water and acid leaching were examined for the presence of reaction products.
using a sodium carbonate bicarbonate mix. Acid leach is the preferred method, but in cases where the acid consumption is very high, mostly caused by gangue minerals, it makes more sense to consider alkaline leach. The selection of acid or alkaline leach is based on a number 445456_Venter:text 2/14/09 12:05 PM Page 446
Economic geologists divide hydrothermal minerals into ore minerals (economically valuable) and gangue minerals (economically worthless). While some hydrothermal ore minerals occur as native metals or alloys, most consist of a metal combined with another nonmetallic element or anion group – examples are shown in Table minerals usually consist of common silicate, oxide, carbonate .
Copper extraction and acid consumption data are correlated with temperature in the range 50150°C and quenched pH in the range Adverse changes in the chemical composition of the leach solution and the formation of ganguemineral alteration products and secondary sulfides can severely limit the extraction of copper above 90°C. Keeping the pH below the selfbuffered value of about 2 ...
Removal of carbonate gangue is desirable prior to acid pressure leaching when a refractory goldbearing sulfide ore contains a significant amount of carbonate minerals.
Anything graphite based CCB Zen and hopefully much more . There are two ways of obtaining a commercial concentrate or product repeated regrinding and floating up to seven times to purify the concentrate or by acid leaching dissolving the gangue with hydrofluoric acid for a silicate gangue or hydrochloric acid for a carbonate gangue In milling the incoming graphite products and concentrates
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