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Outokumpu Harjavalta Metals Oy has been producing nickel since 1962, based on conventional flash smelting technology followed by electrowinning of nickel. In the 1980s, a research project was initiated to develop a converterless direct smelting process to produce matte for further refining in the then existing refinery. The process was tested on a pilot plant...
Direct Nickel Process; Outotec® Direct Nickel Process. Get continuous production of highgrade nickel matte with low iron content with the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting Process. When coupled with our slag cleaning process, nickel smelting is straightforward, cost effective, and does not require ladles or complex plant layouts. Offers ...
alternative smelting methods. Realizing that the concentrate contains igh percentage ofmagnesium, they immediately focused their attention onelectric smelting, where high operating temperatures could be tolerated. A further attraction wasthat power costs inthe Republic ofSouth Africa are fairly Iowatabout RO,OSper kW hand
Nickel, a naturally occurring element, is ubiquitous in the environment, especially in the divalent state. It was identified in the middle of the 18th century and its extraction process developed in the middle of the 19th century. In Finland, primary nickel production takes place by the direct highgrade nickel matte flash smelting process.
Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slagscrap mixtures after ...
In the DON process, high grade nickel matte of low iron content is produced in the flash smelting furnace directly without subsequent converting. The metal values in the smelting slag are recovered in an electric furnace as an iron containing Ni matte.
Outotec Flash Smelting Process The Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting Process was first implemented at Harjavalta Smelter in Finland. Simultaneously with the adoption of the new process, the nickel production was doubled. The entire target of the project was to improve the profitability, cut sulphur dioxide emissions, improve the
Jan 31, 2013· Processing of PGM Containing Ni/Cu Bulk Concentrates in a Sustainable Way by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting Process (Pages: 325334) Satu Jyrkonen Kaarlo Haavanlammi
A nickel flash smelting furnace is initially used to obtain the valuable metal but the loss of nickel in the slag amounts to about 4 % and thus an electric slagcleaning furnace has to be subsequently used to reduce the loss of the valuable metal to less than % nickel oxide in the slag.
Producing bulk concentrates and treating them by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) to matte and then hydrometallurgical refining, offers a reliable route from concentrate to product. In the DON process high grade matte with low Fecontent is produced in the Flash smelting furnace (FSF) and metal values in slag are recovered in an ...
Feb 03, 2011· Older nickelsmelting processes, such as blast or reverberatory furnaces, no longer are acceptable because of lowenergy efficiencies and environmental concerns. In flash smelting, dry sulfide ore containing less than 1% moisture is fed to the furnace along with preheated air, oxygenenriched air (30–40% oxygen), or pure oxygen.
smelting of coppernickel concentrates in a MVA furnace with six inline electrodes. The matte and slagtapping temperatures, slag temperatures, slag analyses, electrical data, and electrode position were measured. Radioactive tracers were introduced into the slag, and quantitative results relating to the flow pattern within the furnace ...
An innovative process Koniambo Nickel. Smelting occurs in an electric furnace heated to 1600 degrees, and ferronickel is periodically tapped into ladles. As for the slag, it is tapped continually at 1600°C into 30 m 3 slag pots and hauled to the slag disposal area. Fresh water in a closedcircuit system cools some parts of the furnace.
DON flash (Direct Nickel Flash) smelting Ammonia PAL (phenylalanine ammonialyase) H reduction EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) Chloride and sulphide electrowinning HPAL (High Pressure Acid Leach) Hydrosulphidic refining Flash Furnace Pyrorefining Natural gas reforming Volatisation
A thermodynamic model has been developed to predict the distribution behavior of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, S, As, Sb, and Bi in the Outokumpu flashsmelting process, the Outokumpu direct highgrade matte smelting process, and the INCO flashsmelting process. In this model, as many as 16 elements (Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, As, Sb, Bi, S, O, Al, Ca, Mg, Si, N, C, and H) are considered, and two nickel sulfide ...
In Nickel Flash Smelting technology, sulfide nickel concentrate is processed in the Outotec ® Flash Smelting Furnace to produce nickel matte and slag. The matte is transported to the PeirceSmith converters where it is blown to highgrade matte. The metal values in the smelting and converting slags are recovered in the electric furnace as ...
AN INTRODUCTION TO OUTOTEC FLASH SMELTING With flexibility, low energy consumption, high sulfur capture, and excellent economy of scale, Outotec Flash Smelting technology is the world''s leading method for copper and nickel smelting. More than half of the world''s primary copper and nickel is produced using Outotec''s proprietary process.
Direct Outokumpu nickel flash smelting process The direct Outokumpu nickel flash smelting process involves several stages as shown in Figures 6 and 7. Nickel flash smelting. Outotec® Nickel Flash Smelting Process a benchmark nickelsmelting method and a thus the direct greenhouse gas Cu Smelting. 1966. Outokumpu Oy. Get Price
The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of trace elements (Ge, Co, Se, Pb and Sn) between nickel matte and fayalite slag in the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting – process. The experiments were conducted with a method that includes equilibration and quenching of the sample, followed by an EPMAanalysis.
Only the pyrometallurgical flash smelting process is in use in Finland to recover nickel from sulphide concentrates and it is the main process described in this report. The information presented is largely based on environmental permit ... Direct nickel flash smelting (DON process) .....17 Gas cleaning .....18 Processing of ...
flash smelting. Flash smelting is the most common process but electric smelting is used for more complex raw materials when increased flexibility is needed. Both processes use dried concentrates. Electric smelting requires a roasting step ead of the smelter to reduce sulfur content and volatiles. Older nickel smelting processes, such as blast or
Mar 20, 2017· Processing of PGM Containing Ni/Cu Bulk Concentrates in a Sustainable Way by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting Process. NiCo 2013, Journal. Ma¨kinen, T. and Taskinen, P. State of the art in nickel smelting: direct Outokumpu nickel technology
Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slagscrap mixtures after reduction at 1400 °C in a CH 4 (5 vol %)N 2 atmosphere were an Ni–Co–Cu–Fe metal alloy and FeO x –SiO 2 slag.
Evaluation of Nickel Flash Smelting Through Piloting and Simulation: SR Varnas, N Kemori, PTL Koh: Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B, 29B (1998) : Abstract (external link) | Full Paper (avail. for purchase) Numerical Modelling of Combustion in a Zinc Flash .
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